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Skip to content “La libertà serve a pensare diversamente, perché per essere d’accordo non è necessaria la libertà.” È una frase di José Mujica, popolarissimo presidente dell’Uruguay in carica tra il 2010 ed il 2015. Sotto la sua guida il Paese ha conosciuto un floridissimo sviluppo, con un tasso di crescita medio del PIL del 4%. Grande beneficiaria di questo sviluppo è stata la capitale, Montevideo. Situata sulle rive del Rio de la Plata, Montevideo fu fondata il 24 dicembre 1726 dallo spagnolo Bruno Mauricio de Zabala per consolidare la presenza ispanica in un territorio conteso con i portoghesi. Divenuta nel 1828 capitale del neonato Uruguay, subì un lungo assedio dal 1843 al 1851, nel corso della guerra civile uruguaiana, nel quale si distinse Giuseppe Garibaldi, fra i protagonisti della vittoria degli assediati. La città conobbe in seguito un notevole sviluppo demografico in quanto meta di molti emigranti, soprattutto italiani.
Oggi Montevideo è un centro moderno e fiorente, ottimamente servito dalle vie di comunicazione. Rigeneratasi, come detto, negli anni della presidenza di Mujica dopo la crisi bancaria del 2002, Montevideo è da anni la prima città sudamericana per qualità della vita. La sua capacità di unire il fascino delle grandi capitali europee con l’atmosfera accogliente dei piccoli villaggi sudamericani la rende una meta ambita da un numero sempre maggiore di turisti. È qui, in questa perla incastonata fra l’azzurro del Rio de la Plata ed il verde delle colline circostanti, che dal 1900 va in scena il derby fra Peñarol e Nacional, el Superclásico del fútbol uruguayo .
Un derby ideologico L’accesissima rivalità, fra le più antiche e celebri del mondo, coinvolge due squadre nate con filosofie diametralmente opposte.
Tifosi del Peñarol (Photo credit should read PABLO PORCIUNCULA BRUNE/AFP via Getty Images) È il 1891 quando un gruppo di impiegati ed operai, in maggioranza britannici, della ferrovia dell’Uruguay Centrale di Montevideo fonda il Central Uruguay Railway Cricket Club, abbreviato in CURCC. La difficoltà nel pronunciarne il nome da parte degli uruguaiani porta però questi a chiamare la squadra con il nome del quartiere sede del campo sportivo. Quella zona, in passato proprietà dell’immigrato italiano Giovanni Battista Crosa, era stata da lui chiamata Pinerolo, in ricordo della sua città. Col tempo il toponimo era mutato in Peñarol. Come colori sociali vengono adottati il giallo ed il nero, simbolo delle ferrovie. Nel 1913 la squadra viene per la prima volta aperta a giocatori non dipendenti della società ferroviaria. Un anno dopo il nome del club diviene ufficialmente Club Atlético Peñarol .
I successi del CURCC ed il proliferare di altre realtà calcistiche di matrice straniera suscita nei giovani montevideani il desiderio di creare un club composto solamente da giocatori uruguaiani. Dalla fusione fra Montevideo Football Club ed Uruguay Athletic Club nasce così il Club Nacional de Football . La vocazione nazionale della nuova società viene evidenziata non solo dal nome, ma anche dalla scelta dei colori: bianco, rosso e blu, come la bandiera dell’eroe nazionale José Gervasio Artigas, uno dei simboli del Paese.
Tifosi del Nacional (Photo credit should read PABLO PORCIUNCULA/AFP via Getty Images) La rivalità fra le due squadre si innesca immediatamente, non poteva essere altrimenti viste le premesse . Il primo derby se lo aggiudica l’allora CURCC per 2-0. Il pubblico si rende protagonista fin da subito. Miguel Reyes, un tifoso del Nacional, si fa notare per la sua abitudine ad esclamare: “Hincharias la pelota!” (“Infila la palla!”) quando i Tricolori attaccano. Ciò gli vale il soprannome “El hincha”, che negli anni viene esteso a tutti i tifosi uruguaiani. La dedizione dei giocatori alla causa dei loro club è enorme, al punto che nel 1918 il capitano del Nacional Abdón Porte, resosi conto di essere ormai sul viale del tramonto visti i 38 anni, cade in depressione e si toglie la vita nello stadio dei Tricolori la notte del 5 marzo. Negli anni successivi l’Uruguay si afferma sempre più come grande potenza calcistica, organizzando e vincendo il Mondiale del 1930 con una squadra che attinge in gran parte dal Nacional. Per la manifestazione viene costruito a Montevideo l’Estadio Centenario (così chiamato perché inaugurato 100 anni dopo l’entrata in vigore della costituzione uruguaiana), che diviene la casa del Superclásico.
L’Uruguay vincitore dei Mondiali 1930 (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images) La partita infinita Ciò che succede nel 1934 merita un capitolo dedicato. Il campionato 1933 termina con Nacional e Peñarol in perfetta parità: sarà necessario uno spareggio per assegnare il titolo. I tifosi fremono nell’attesa del grande incontro, ma nessuno può immaginare che sarà una delle partite più lunghe della storia. Il 27 maggio 1934 le due squadre scendono in campo al Centenario. Al 25′ del secondo tempo, con il risultato ancora fermo sullo 0-0, un tiro dell’attaccante del Peñarol Anselmo, destinato a spegnersi sul fondo, colpisce una borsa dimenticata dal medico del Nacional a bordo campo e torna in gioco. La palla viene raccolta dal giallonero Braulio Castro, che segna. Non è chiaro se l’arbitro Rodriguez abbia concesso o no il gol, sta di fatto che basta un accenno di esultanza da parte dei giocatori del Peñarol a scatenare una rissa di proporzioni omeriche. Rodriguez, nel caos generale, espelle i tricolori Nasazzi (capitano dell’Uruguay del 1930) e Labraga prima di essere costretto a rifugiarsi negli spogliatoi. Quando finalmente la situazione si placa la sera è ormai scesa su Montevideo . Bisogna rinviare la partita.
L’Estadio Centenario al calar della sera (Photo by RAUL MARTINEZ/POOL/AFP via Getty Images) La federazione stabilisce che si ripartirà dal minuto della sospensione, con il risultato di 0-0 ed il Nacional in 9 uomini; in caso di parità, due supplementari da 30 minuti ciascuno. Passano tre mesi e le squadre tornano a sfidarsi, questa volta a porte chiuse. Il “derby dei 9 contro 11”, com’è passato alla storia, vede una clamorosa resistenza sullo 0-0 del Nacional, che sfiora anche la vittoria con una traversa colpita da Andreolo, oriundo italiano e futuro campione del mondo nel 1938 con la Nazionale azzurra di Vittorio Pozzo. Non essendoci ancora i rigori, il regolamento prevede la ripetizione della partita. A settembre le due squadre si sfidano nuovamente, ma 90 minuti più 60 di supplementari sono ancora insufficienti: il risultato resta inchiodato sullo 0-0. L’epilogo arriva (finalmente) dopo la terza, spettacolare, sfida, in cui il Nacional rimonta l’iniziale 0-2 trionfando per 3-2 grazie ad una tripletta di Hector Castro.
Alternanza di successi L’Uruguay del 1950, campione del mondo. (Photo by Fox Photos/Getty Images) Gli anni ’40 e ’50 sono di grandissimo splendore per il calcio uruguaiano. L’apice è il Maracanazo , la vittoria dell’Uruguay sul Brasile padrone di casa nella sfida decisiva dei Mondiali del 1950. A differenza del 1930 l’ossatura della Celeste questa volta è costituita principalmente da giocatori del Peñarol, fra i quali il capitano Obdulio Varela, il matchwinner Alcides Ghiggia e Juan Alberto Schiaffino, El dios del fútbol , per molti il miglior giocatore uruguaiano di tutti i tempi. La squadra giallonera fra il ’58 e il ’62 vince 5 titoli di fila, eguagliando quanto fatto dal Nacional fra il ’39 e il ’42 . Nel 1960 poi l’istituzione della Copa Libertadores e della Coppa Intercontinentale dà il via ai successi internazionali dei due club. Gli anni ’60, ’70 e ’80 vedono sempre una prevalenza del Peñarol, ma il Nacional riesce comunque a togliersi diverse soddisfazioni. Le due squadre si portano a casa 3 volte a testa la Coppa Intercontinentale, mentre in Copa Libertadores le vittorie sono 3 per il Nacional e 5 per il Peñarol. Nel 1987 una semplice amichevole in un torneo estivo viene giocata al massimo dalle due società, con il Peñarol che vincendo in 8 contro 11 trova il modo di riscattare l’onta dello 0-0 in 11 contro 9 del ’34. Se gli anni ’90 sono di marca giallonera, i 2000 vedono invece la riscossa tricolore e nei 2010 le squadre riprendono ad alternarsi con i trionfi nel campionato.
Peñarol vs Nacional (Photo credit should read PABLO PORCIUNCULA/AFP via Getty Images) Il Superclásico nel nuovo millennio I derby nel frattempo non hanno certo perso intensità. Il pubblico sempre caldo, a volte anche troppo, costituisce parte integrante del fascino del Superclásico. Romantica è la denominazione delle curve del Centenario: i tifosi del Nacional occupano la Colombes, dal nome della città in cui la Celeste vinse le Olimpiadi del 1924, mentre quella dei tifosi del Peñarol è la Amsterdam, in onore della vittoria uruguaiana alle Olimpiadi olandesi del 1928. Nel 2013 i tifosi tricolori strappano ai rivali il record della bandiera più grande mai esposta in uno stadio (primato condiviso con i colombiani del Millionarios) con un “mostro” di 600 metri di lunghezza per 50 di altezza, per un totale di 30000 metri quadrati di superficie, il doppio di quanto fatto in precedenza dai tifosi del Peñarol. La squadra giallonera però si vendica sul campo il 27 aprile 2014 infliggendo un sonoro 5-0 ai Tricolori, grazie soprattutto ad uno straripante Marcelo Zalayeta, ex Juve e Napoli.
La bandiera da record dei tifosi del Nacional (Photo by DANTE FERNANDEZ/DANTE FERNANDEZ/AFP via Getty Images) L’attualità vede il Nacional, campione in carica, 1° nel Torneo Apertura ed in testa al girone del Torneo Intermedio. Male invece il Peñarol, 4° in Apertura ed attualmente ultimo nel girone dell’Intermedio. Il Superclásico di Apertura però si è concluso in parità: al gol dell’ex Catania Bergessio, ora al Nacional, ha risposto Terans nonostante l’inferiorità numerica giallonera. Quando si affrontano due eterne rivali infatti, la classifica conta poco. Ciò che conta davvero è il cuore, la grinta, la garra dei giocatori. E quando si parla di Superclásico di Montevideo, i giocatori di garra ne hanno da vendere!
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